The driver can be used with CH341A USB to UART/I2C/SPI adapter boards to connect SPI slaves to a Linux host. It uses either the fast SPI hardware interface which is, however, limited to SPI mode 0 or a slow SPI bit banging implementation.
Use the links on this page to download the latest version of USB-SERIAL CH341A drivers. All drivers available for download have been scanned by antivirus program. This video show how to use a low cost EEPROM programmer. The unit used is a USB based device and is intended for series 24 and 25 EEPROM's. Below is a download link to drivers and software (since. As there are many drivers having the same name, we suggest you to try the Driver Tool, otherwise you can try one by on the list of available driver below. Please scroll down to find a latest utilities and drivers for your USB-EPP/I2C.
Additionally, CH341A data pins that are not used for the SPI interface can be configured as GPIO pins. The driver can generate software interrupts for all input pins. One input pin can be connected with the CH341A interrupt pin to generate hardware interrupts. However, since USB is an asynchronous communication system, it is not possible to guarantee exact timings for GPIOs and interrupts.
Limitations of the SPI interface
The SPI hardware interface implementation is limited to
Because of the very limited documentation and applications that are almost all in Chinese, it is impossible to figure out whether these parameters can be changed by means of control commands. Therefore you have to live with this configuration as it is if you want to use the hardware implementation :-(
The bit banging implementation allows the following SPI modes
as well as high active CS signals. It is very slow. Only a SCK clock frequency of about 400 kHz can be reached, so that one byte takes around 14 us. However, each byte of a message has to be sent as a separate USB message to the adapter because of its bitwise implementation and the very limited USB endpoint buffer sizes. This results into a delay of about 6.5 ms between each byte. Additionally, handling the CS signal before the transfer and after the transfer causes an additional delay of about 20 ms. Thus, it takes about
to transfer a message of n bytes.
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Both implementations allow the transmission with MSB first (
SPI_MSB_FIRST ) and LSB first (SPI_LSB_FIRST ).
SPI configuration
The driver uses following CH341A pins for the SPI interface.
With these three CS signals, three slaves can be used at maximum at the interface.
GPIO configuration
Five of the data pins can be configured as GPIO pins if they are not used for the SPI interface or as chip select signals:
Please note:
Installation of the driverPrerequisites
To compile the driver, you must have installed current kernel header files.
Even though it is not mandatory, it is highly recommended to use DKMS (dynamic kernel module support) for the installation of the driver. DKMS allows to manage kernel modules whose sources reside outside the kernel source tree. Such modules are then automatically rebuilt when a new kernel version is installed.
To use DKMS, it has to be installed before, e.g., with command
on Debian based systems.
Installaton
The driver can be compiled with following commands:
If DKMS is installed (recommended), command
sudo make install adds the driver to the DKMS tree so that the driver is recompiled automatically when a new kernel version is installed.
In case you have not installed DKMS, command
sudo make install simply copies the driver after compilation to the kernel modules directory. However, the module will not be loadable anymore and have to be recompiled explicitly when kernel version changes.
If you do not want to install the driver in the kernel directory at all because you only want to load it manually when needed, simply omit the
sudo make install .
Loading
Once the driver is installed, it should be loaded automatically when you connect a device with USB device id
1a86:5512 . If not try to figure out, whether the USB device is detected correctly using command
and try to load it manually with command:
Uninstallation
To uninstall the module simply use command
in the source directory.
Conflicts with CH341A USB to I2C Linux kernel driver
Since the CH341A also provides an I2C interface as USB device with same id, you have to unload the driver module with
before you can load the driver module for the I2C interface.
Configuration of the driver
Per default, the driver configures the GPIOs as following and polls the inputs with a default rate of 100 Hz and 10 ms period, respectively.
Ch341a Driver And Software
GPIO configuration as well their polling rate can be changed according to your requirements. The direction of GPIO pins configured as inputs or outputs can be changed during runtime.
GPIO configuration
To change GPIO configuration, simply change the variable
ch341_board_config that should be self-explaining. This variable contains structured entries for each configurable pin. Each entry consists of the pin number, the GPIO mode used for the pin, the name used for the GPIO in the Linux host and a flag whether the pin is connected with the CH341A hardware interrupt pin INT. Default configuration is:
In this configuration, pins 15 to 17 are used as CS signals while pin 19 and 21 are used as inputs. Additionally, pin 19 is connected with the CH341A hardware interrupt pin INT that produces hardware interrupts on rising edge of the signal connected to pin 19.
To define a pin as output, simply change the GPIO mode to
CH341_PIN_MODE_OUT . For example, if you would like to configure only one CS signal and the other CS signal pins as GPIO outputs, the configuration could look like the following:
Please note:
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GPIO polling rate
GPIO inputs are polled periodically by a separate kernel thread. GPIO polling rate defines the rate at which the kernel thread reads GPIO inputs and determines whether to generate software interrupts. That is, it defines the maximum rate at which changes at GPIO inputs can be recognized and software interrupts can be generated.
The GPIO polling rate is defined by its period in milliseconds using the constant
CH341_POLL_PERIOD_MS . The period must be at least 10 ms, but should be 20 ms or more if possible dependent on the performance of your system. Please check your syslog for messages like 'GPIO poll period is too short by at least %n msecs' . This message is thrown if the defined CH341_POLL_PERIOD_MS is shorter than the time required for one reading of the GPIOs.
The higher GPIO polling rate is, the higher is the system usage by the kernel thread. On the other hand, the probability that short interrupt events will be lost grows, the lower the GPIO polling rate becomes.
GPIO polling rate can also be changed using the module parameter
poll_rate either when loading the module, e.g.,
or as real
root during runtime using sysfs, e.g.,
Please note: Since the CH341A hardware interrupt signal INT uses a separate USB endpoint, the maximum rate of hardware interrupts is independent on the GPIO polling rate and can reach up to 400 Hz.
Usage from user spaceUsing SPI slaves
Once the driver is loaded successfully, it provides up to three SPI slave devices on next available SPI bus, e.g.,
according to the naming scheme
/dev/spidev<bus>.<cs> . <bus> is the bus number selected automatically by the driver and <cs> is the chip select signal of the according pin. Please note that independent on how many pins are configured as chip select signals, pin 15 gives always 0, pin 16 gives always 1, and pin 17 gives always 2 as chip select signal.
Standard I/O functions like
open , ioctl and close can be used to communicate with one of the slaves connected to the SPI.
To open an SPI device simply use:
Once the device is opened successfully, you can modify SPI configurations and transfer data using
ioctl function.
Function
ioctl is also used to transfer data:
Using GPIOs
To access GPIOs from user space,
sysfs can be used . For each configured GPIO, a directory
is created by the system, where
<gpio> is the name of the GPIO as defined in the driver variable ch341_board_config . These directories contain
Please note: For read and write operations from and/or to these files, the user requires read and/or write permissions, respectively.
Open a GPIO
Before a GPIO can be used, file
value has to be opened
where
<gpio> is again the name of the GPIO.
Write GPIO output
Once the file
value is opened, you can use standard I/O functions to read and write. To write a GPIO value, simply use function write as following. The value is written to the GPIO out immediately.
Ch341a Driver Windows 10Read GPIO input
To read values from GPIOs immediately, you can simply use function
read as following:
After each read operation, file position has to be rewound to first character before the next value can be read.
Reacting on GPIO input interrupt
Function
poll can be used before function read to react and read values from the GPIO only on interrupts.
Function
poll blocks until the specified event on the file descriptor happened.
Please note: The interrupt has to be activated before by
root with command
where
<gpio> is again the name of the GPIO and <type> is the type of the interrupt that should be used. Possible interrupt types are
For example, following command would activate interrupts for rising edges of the signal connected to
gpio4 . The command has to be executed as real root , using sudo command doesn't work.
Even though the driver defines software interrupts for GPIO inputs as well as GPIO outputs, they can be activated only for GPIO inputs.
Full examples for GPIO output and interrupt input can be found in the driver's directory.
Change the GPIO directionCh341a Programmer Software Download
To change the direction of a GPIO pin configured as input or output, simply write as
root keyword in or keyword out to the file direction , e.g.
Scan performed on 4/24/2017, Computer: HP RS898AA-B14 t3740.be - Windows 7 64 bitCh341a Driver Download
Outdated or Corrupted drivers:8/20
Ch341a Driver Download
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